Which component is vital for the functioning of anti-lock brakes during hard braking?

The vital component for the functioning of anti-lock brakes (ABS) during hard braking is the wheel speed sensors. These sensors continuously monitor the rotational speed of each wheel. When the driver applies the brakes, the ABS uses data from these sensors to determine if a wheel is about to lock up. If loss of traction is detected, the ABS modulates the brake pressure to that specific wheel, allowing it to continue rotating and maintaining steering control. This is essential for enhancing vehicle stability and preventing skidding during aggressive braking maneuvers.

While brake fluid, the master cylinder, and the brake pedal are all integral parts of the braking system as a whole, they do not specifically provide the anti-lock functionality that wheel speed sensors do. Brake fluid facilitates hydraulic pressure in the braking system, the master cylinder generates this pressure, and the brake pedal is the mechanism that initiates braking. However, it is the wheel speed sensors that specifically enable the anti-lock braking system to function effectively during hard braking situations.